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Ommatoiulus moreleti
''Ommatoiulus moreleti'' (spelt ''moreletii'' in older publications), commonly known as the Portuguese millipede, is a herbivorous millipede native to the southern Iberian Peninsula where it shares its range with other ''Ommatoiulus'' species.〔Akkari, N. and Enghoff, H. 2012. Review of the Genus "Ommatoiulus" in Andalusia, Spain (Diplopoda: Julida) with description of ten new species and notes on a remarkable gonopod structure, the fovea. Zootaxa 35.38: 1-53.〕 From here, it has spread by international commerce to a number of new localities. This species was accidentally introduced into Australia without its natural enemies and has since become an invasive pest. A number of methods have been developed to manage this millipede.
==Distribution==
''O. moreleti'' is indigenous to the southern Iberian Peninsula. It has spread to a number of Atlantic islands, South Africa and Australia. This distribution appears to be related to 20th century shipping routes. Spread of ''O. moreleti'' by international trade may be facilitated by its ability to survive long sea voyages in a quiescent state. This species survives long, dry summers in a quiescent state in its natural habitat.〔Bailey, P.T and Kovaliski, J. 1983. Summer quiescent behaviour of the millipede ''Ommatoiulus moreletii'' (Diplopoda: Julidae). Journal of Zoology London 231: 523-532〕〔Baker, G.H. 1980. The water and temperature relationships of ''Ommatoiulus moreletii'' (Diplopoda: Iulidae) in Australia. Journal of Zoology London 190: 97-108〕 After its initial introduction to South Australia in about 1953 (perhaps originating from ships’ ballast) the species is continuing to spread through southern Australia.〔Baker, G.H. 1984. The distribution, morphology and life history of the millipede ''Ommatoiulus moreletii'' (Diplopoda: Iulidae) in Portugal and comparisons with Australian populations. Australian Journal of Zoology 32: 811-2〕 It is possible that there has been more than one introduction to Australia.
Since being introduced to Port Lincoln, South Australia in 1953, the millipede has spread to other parts of South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, southern New South Wales and Western Australia around Perth.
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